The Organic Tools of Early Paleoindians within the Clovis Technological Adaptation. C. Andrew Hemmings Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas Abstract: Dramatic examples of Early Paleoindian formal bone and ivory tools have been found throughout North America. Sixty percent of the 235 known tools have been found in Florida alone. This organic tool assemblage consists of 44 different recognized forms. When Early Paleoindian faunal exploitation and formal tool manufacture are systematically examined at the continential scale, patterned behavior is clearly evident. As additional data accumulate, seemingly idiosyncratic behavior and “unique” artifacts become better understood components of a specialized technological adaptation designed to support a generalist subsistence adaptation. Early Paleoindian Clovis hunter-gatherers created a diverse stone and bone toolkit which allowed them to exploit nearly any resource they encountered and wished to utilize. The combination of a specialized technological adaptation facilitating a generalized foraging adaptation, comparatively unconstrained by conventional environmental boundaries, is without meaningful historic or ethnographic analog. The lack of a useful analog has created considerable consternation within the archaeological literature. C. Andrew Hemmings 2004 PhD from the University of Florida. Now doing Early Paleoindian research at the University of Texas with Michael Collins and company on the Gault Project. Numerous publications regarding the early peoples of Florida are currently in progress.